SYSTEM LOGS
Technical analysis, security research, and network utility documentation.
Access Level: Public
What Is CGNAT: How to Tell If You Are Behind It and How to Get Around It
What CGNAT (carrier-grade NAT) is, how to check if you are behind it, what it breaks for gaming, port forwarding and Plex, and how to bypass it.
Is UPnP Safe: Should You Turn It On or Off for Gaming?
What UPnP does, when it is a security risk, whether to keep it on or off for Xbox, PS5, Switch and PC, if it affects lag, and how to fix UPnP Not Successful.
NAT Type Explained: Strict, Moderate and Open on Xbox, PS5 and Switch 2
What every NAT type means on Xbox, PS5, Switch 2 and PC, which one is best for gaming, whether it affects ping, and how to fix strict NAT, double NAT and CGNAT.
Best Browser for Privacy: 11 Private Browsers Compared
Best browser for privacy: Brave vs Firefox, Tor, Mullvad, DuckDuckGo, Safari, Chrome and more compared on trackers, fingerprint, IP address and built-in VPN.
VPN Test: How to Check If Your VPN Is Working and Not Leaking
A VPN test in five checks: confirm your VPN is on, run an IP leak test for DNS, WebRTC and IPv6, test the kill switch, and see why sites still detect a VPN.
VPN vs Proxy vs Tor: What Each One Hides, and From Whom
VPN vs proxy vs Tor, plus SOCKS5, Shadowsocks, SSH tunnels and Private Relay: what each hides from your Wi-Fi, your ISP and websites, and which to use.
Riot Vanguard and Kernel-Level Anti-Cheat: What It Sees, Is It Safe, and How DMA Cheats Work
Riot Vanguard is kernel-level anti-cheat. What it sees on your PC, whether it is safe, why games require Secure Boot and TPM 2.0, and how DMA cheats work.
Browser Fingerprinting: What Is a Browser Fingerprint and How Does It Work?
What is a browser fingerprint? How browser fingerprinting works, what sites use it for, how to test your browser, and how Firefox, Brave and Safari reduce it.
Certificate Transparency: Anyone Can List Your Subdomains
Public TLS certificates land in Certificate Transparency logs that crt.sh can search. Why your subdomains are public and what a wildcard certificate hides.
Replay Attacks: Why a Valid Signature Is Not a Fresh Request
A valid signature proves who signed a request, not that it is new. How replay attacks work, how a nonce and expiry stop them, and what a site must check.
One scan shows what your connection and browser give away.
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